D. C. Agrawal , S. K. Rawal , H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

Using a statistically laid 3³ factorial design, the optimum N, P and K requirement for the growth of P. caribaea seedlings was determined under Glass House conditions. Four month old Pinus caribaea seedlings were grown in soil cultures and provided with urea (nitrogen source), superphosphate (phosphorus source), and muriate of potash (potassium source) Nitrogen at 336 kg/ha, phosphorus at 112 kg/ha and potassium at 336 kg/ha were the optimum N, P and K requirements to produce maximum height and diameter growth and biomass production. Since the soil used for experimentation was taken from the chir pine forest of Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, it is recommended that for the preparation of nursery beds for Pinus caribaea seedlings the soil should be supplemented with N, P and K levels as determined above.

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H. P. Bhatnagar , K. K. Talwar

Abstract

Pot culture experiment was conducted with the seedlings of Pinus caribaea to evaluate the influence of different photoperiodic treatments on fresh and dry weights and holocellulose production and mineral uptake. Long day and interrupted day treatments have produced significantly better fresh and dry weights than normal day and short day treatments. Highest fresh and dry weights of shoot were produced in interrupted day treatment and of ischolar_main in long day treatment. Holocellulose production has shown direct linear relation to shoot dry weight. Plant analysis results have indicated that different photoperiodic treatments also influence mineral uptake, particularly of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

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H. P. Bhatnagar , K. K. Talwar

Abstract

Pot culture experiment was conducted with the seedlings of Pinus Caribaea to evaluate the effect of different photoperiodic treatments on growth and tracheid characters. The study haa revealed that both growth and tracheid characters are responsive to day length variations. The results indicate significant variations in stem height and diameter and tracheid characters. Long day treatment has significantly increased stem height, tracheid length, tracheid diameter and tracheid lumen diameter. Significant increase in stem diameter has been observed under interrupted day treatment.

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H. P. Bhatnagar , K. K. Talwar

Abstract

Pot culture experiments were conducted with the seedlings of Pinus caribaea. Morelet var.hondurensis is to study the effect of different growth regulators on height aad diameter growth and tracheid characters. Gibberellic acid, Indole acetic acid and Indole butyric acid were given at 10, 100 and 1000 ppm concentrations. Studies reveal that except IAA 1000 ppm all the other growth regulator treatments have enhanced the height growth. Gibberellic acid at 1000 ppm has given best height growth, whereas, the best diameter increment has been obtained under IAA 10 ppm. Tracheid length variations among different treatments are highly significant. The longest tracheids were formed under GA 1000 ppm. No significant variations have been observed for tracheid and lumen diameter, but wall thickness results have shown significant differences among different treatments in the middle region.

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K. K. Talwar , H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

Pot culture experiment was conducted with the seedlings of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis to study the effect of Gibberllic acid, Indole acetic acid and Indole butyric acid on fresh and dry weight and holocellulose production and mineral uptake. IAA 10 ppm. concentration has given maximum fresh and dry weight and holocellulose production. This treatment has also influenced higher uptake of nitrogen, potassium., phosphorus and calcium.

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R. C. Ghosh , H. P. Bhatnagar , D. P. Uniyal

Abstract

Pot culture studies were conducted with the seedlings Pinus patula to determine the effect of different photoperiodic treatments on height growth, dry matter production and tracheid characteristics. The three treatments (Long day Short day and Normal day) used in this study have significant effect on all the characters studied. Long day treatment of 18 hours continuous light period has significantly improved height growth and dry matter of both ischolar_mains and shoots of the seedlings. Pronounced differences in tracheid characters such as tracheid length, width, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness have been observed under different photoperiodic treatments.

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R. C. Ghosh , H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

Studies were conducted on the ischolar_maining response of branch cuttings of Populus gamblei Dode to different growth regulator treatments and seasonal variation in ischolar_maining. Growth regulators have considerably increased ischolar_maining. Twenty four hour dip treatment in aqueous solution of 200 ppm concentration of Indole acetic acid has given best results in which 70% ischolar_maining has been achieved. The data so far collected has also indicated seasonal variation in ischolar_maining response.

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H. P. Bhatnagar , K. K. Talwar

Abstract

Experiments were conducted with the seedlings of Pinus caribaea to study the effect of defoliation on growth and tracheid characters. In general, the defoliation of upper half of the stem brings about more retardation of radial growth as well as height growth than the defoliation of lower half of the stem. This is true also for the tracheid length and tracheid wall thickness. No distinction in the effect of defoliation of upper half or lower half have been obtained in the case of tracheid or lumen diameter. In the case of dry matter production, it is indicated that higher degree of defoliation retard the production more than lower degree of defoliation Here also the defoliation of lower portion is less effective in retardation of dry matter than the defoliation of upper half. Mineral and holocellulose contents have CoULwed similar trend as that followed by dry matter.

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Adarsh Kumar , H. P. Bhatnagar , C. S. Venkatesh

Abstract

no abstract

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H. P. Bhatnagar , K. K. Talwar

Abstract

Debudding of terminal bud or axillary buds have resulted in variation in growth and tracheid characters of Pinua caribaea seedlings. Azillary debudding treatment has increased stem height and tracheid length, whereas, terminal debudding retarded stem height as well as tracheid length and tracheid lumen diameter. Both the debudding treatments have retarded stem diameter and fresh and dry weights of the seedlings.

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Adarsh Kumar , H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of different temperatures and substrates on the seeds of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. These two factors significantly influence the germination behaviour of this species. Among all the treatments, the maximum and quicker germination was obtained at 30°C in 'Between paper' (BP) in nine days time for both fresh and one year old seed lots. The alternate temperatures between 20-30°C, 25-30°C and 30-40°C were also found to be equally effective for germination of seeds. Temperatures at 40°C and 35-40°C Were not favourable for germination in comparison to other temperatures. These studies have also brought out that stotage of the seeds at least upto one year does not appreciably changes the germination behaviour provided storage conditions are good.

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H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

On critically examining the foliar analysis data for different quality classes it is clear that there are significant differences in the amount of different minerals present in the foliage of sal trees of different quality classes. First quality trees show the lowest concentration of minerals in all cases and fourth (i.e. the poorest) quality trees contain the highest amounts of Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorous. Calcium and Magnesium are highest in the third quality although in the fourth quality they are almost as high. It seems possible to distinguish various qualities of sal trees on the basis of foliar mineral constituents or in other words the quality of the site is consistently reflected in the foliar composition.

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H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

Floristic composition of some representative samples of some Utter Pradesh Sal forests has been worked out to differentiate the constituent plant communties and their successional trends. In all seven plants communities were recognized. Successional relationship among different communities indicate that in dry sal types Sal Anogeissus-Colebruokia and Sal-Ougeinia-Carrissa-Sida communities are lower stages which tend to progress towards Sal-Terminalia-Glycosmis community under improved biotic conditions. Similarly in moist Sal types the Sal-Ougzinia-Clebrookia community tends towards Sal-Terrninalia-Moghania community. The latter community and Sal-Lagerstroemia-Pogostermon community are more or less stable aggregations under normal conditions but occur in different climatic and forest zones and in respect of stability and maturity they occupy a corresponding position. Sal-Termninalia-Moghania community tend to change into Sal-Syzygiurn-Randia-Ageratum community under damper conditions and may thus be a post climax stage occurring in specially favourable situations.

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S. K. Seth , H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

No abstract

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S. K. Seth , H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

No abstract

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H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

The studies on ischolar_main competition indicate that both trenching and weeding produce significantly different results. There is appreciable competition between sal seedlings and herbs and shrubs as well as between sal seedlings and larger trees, the former effect being much more pronounced. The growth peaks of sal seedlings occur during the periods 15th April-15 May, 15 June-15th July, and 15th August-15th September, the first and last being more important. Since during these periods the demand of actively growing sal seedlings are maximum the competition from other plants is intense. If weeding is carried out during these periods or somewhat in advance, i.e., in late winter or early summer and or in late rains, it will help to relieve the intense competition between the sal seedlings and associated flora and lead to accelerated growth of the former. The elemination of ischolar_main competition from larger trees by isolating areas by digging deep trenches is impracticable. Since the effect of trenching is not very marked, the benefit will not be commensurate with the cost, even if a feasible technique were to be evolved for carrying out the operation.

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S. K. Seth , H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

Soil culture experiments were conducted to determine desirable soil properties for securing good sal regeneration and the relation of comparative growth data to the status, good or deficient, of sal regeneration in the localities from which the samples are derived. The study revealed that the North Kheri good regeneration area soil is significantly superior to all the others in all characters except leaf area increment and even in this regard it shows the maximum development. Within the range of this study then, this soil may be taken as the ideal from the point of view of sal, and other soils may be rated accordingly as they approximate to or depart from this soil in various properties. All the soils originating from deficient regeneration areas are inferior to those originating from good regeneration areas, except for Bahraich soil from good regeneration area. A critical examination of all the soil determinations, i.e., mechanical, physical and physico-chemical, reveals that of the 14 characters, only soil pH, soil moisture in situ, water holding capacity, moisture equivalent and organic matter show indications of a definite relation to height increment, which has been selected as the index of suitability for natural regeneration. The range of dispersion of pH values is small and much reliance cannot be placed on moisture in situ which is largely dependent upon climatic conditions and therefore these two factors cannot be used as a basis for classifying soils with reference to development of sal seedlings. A statistical analysis was therefore carried out to test the multiple correlation between the remaining three factors (also including squared terms to provide for nonlinear effects, if any) and it was found that height increment could be expressed as a function of X, X², y, y² (where X is organic matter % and y is moisture equivalent %) each of which contributed significantly. Lower levels of organic matter and higher values of moisture equivalent indicate superior conditions for sal growth. Since organic matter too varies within comparatively low limits it was also investigated whether an equation using water holding capacity and moisture equivalent could be used. It was found that a linear relationship with moisture equivalent could be established. These relations emphasize the fundamental and domineering role played by water and the moisture retaining and releasing properties of the soils vis a vis sal natural regeneration.

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H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

Pot culture experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different light conditions on the growth and uptake of nutrients on forest tree seedlings. The species investigated were teak, chir, hollong and Casuarina equisetifolia. The results of the experiments have indicated that teak, chir and Casuarina equisetifolia prefer relatively good light conditions (approximately 94% of the day light). Hollong on the other hand prefers relatively medium light condition (approximately 22% of the day light). The dry weights of all the species are directly correlated with the height growth. As regards the effect on the uptake of minerals it may be mentioned that uptake of nitrogen has not shown any regular trend except in the case of Casuarina equisetifolia, where it is inversely corelated with the availability of light. Uptake of potassium and phosphorus on the other hand have shown regular trend in all the species. In respect of chir, teak and Casuarina these elements are inversely correlated with the availability of light.

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H. P. Bhatnagar

Abstract

Sand culture experiment was conducted to study the nutritional requirements of chir (Pinus roxburghii) seedlings with respect to nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. The results of the experiment have tentatively indicated that chir seedlings require higher levels of potassium about 400 Ibs. Per acre and lower levels of phosphorus and nitrogen about 200 lbs. per acre for good growth. However, with lower levels of potassium (200 lbs. per acre), nitrogen and phosphorus are required in more quantity (400 Ibs. Per acre) or at least one of the element nitrogen or phosphorus should be at higher level. With higher levels of potassium higher levels of both nitrogen and phosphorus retards the growth.

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H. P. Bhatnagar , B. B. Gupta , B. S. Rauthan , D. N. joshi

Abstract

Sand culture experiment was conducted on Teak (Tectona grandis) seedlings to study the mineral Nutrient requirements with respect to Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus. Within the limitations of the experiment the results have indicated that for good growth, teak seedlings require about 680 mg/Plant of Nitrogen and Potassium and about 450 mg/Plant of Phosphorus. Results of the chemical analysis of the plant material have shown that higher application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus (680 mg/ Plant) increases the absorption of these minerals as well as of Calcium. and Magnesium by the plant tissues in comparison to lower (340 mg/Plant) application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. As regards the application of Potassium the results have shown inverse correlation with respect to the absorption of Calcium. and .Magnesium by the plant tissues. Higher Potassium application (680 mg/Plant) has resulted in lower absorption of both Calcium and Magnesium. In respect of three element treatment combinations the data on ash percentage have indicated that higher Potassium application increases the ash percentage in the plant tissues.

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H. P. Bhatnagar , B. B. Gupta , B. S. Rauthan

Abstract

Pot cultare experiments were conducted to study the influence of difFerent photo-periodic treatments on the height growth of chir (Pinus roxburghii) seedlings. Significant differences were found in the height growth of seedlings among the four photoperiodic treatments, viz., long day of 18 hours, normal day of 11 to 14 hours, short day of 7 hours and intermittent day of 12 hours. Best height growth was recorded under long day treatment followed by intermittent day, then under normal day treatment and the poorest height growth was recorded under short day treatment.

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H. P. Bhatnagar , D. N. Joshi

Abstract

no abstract

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H. P. Bhatnagar , B. B. Gupta

Abstract

Pot culture experiment was conducted with Chir (Pinus roxburghii) seedlings to study the effect of photoperiod on dry matter production and mineral uptake. Significant differences in the dry weights of seedlings have been recorded among the photoperiodic treatments. Long dry treatment of 18 hours is significantly superior to other treatments; the highest amount of dry matter was produced under this treatment. As regards mineral uptake direct correlation has been observed, both in ischolar_main and shoot portions, with dry matter production.

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